Tantalum, a metal element, has a body-centered cubic a-phase as the dominant structure, and its melting point is about 2996°C, second only to carbon, europium, rhenium and osmium. The modulus of elasticity of tantalum is similar to that of steel, and it has good conductivity and easy plasticity. In addition, tantalum has low metal activity and extremely high corrosion resistance, and it cannot be corroded by various strong acids at room temperature. At present, tantalum metal has been used in many fields such as medical treatment, aerospace, military industry, etc., especially in aerospace and military fields.
The good high-temperature mechanical properties of tantalum meet the requirements of wear and ablation conditions. The reasonable development and utilization of tantalum coatings can improve the life of workpieces under wear and burning conditions, save resources, and at the same time obtain good economic benefits and safety guarantees. Lee et al. prepared tantalum coatings and studied the ablation wear resistance of tantalum coatings and chromium coatings. As a result, after 1200 cycles of experiments, the wear rate of chromium coatings increased significantly, while tantalum coatings remained stable.
At present, almost all high-performance military and civil aeroengines abroad use tantalum superalloys for parts with the highest heat resistance and the largest stress load. The melting point of the recently developed third-generation tantalum-containing single crystal alloy has been further improved, and the manufactured single crystal turbine blade can work at a higher temperature, save fuel and have a longer life.
In order to withstand the test of high temperature thermal cycle (1300°C/20min), the surface of spacecraft parts must be protected by a protective coating to improve its oxidation resistance. Therefore, it is of great significance to study economically feasible and stable and reliable high-temperature protective coatings for high-temperature applications of tantalum in the aerospace industry. Because of its high melting point, tantalum is mainly used as heating furnace parts and jet engine parts, and plays an extremely important role in aerospace and missile technology.
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