The development of biomedical titanium alloys can be divided into three generations. The first generation is pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V (mass fraction, the same below). Ti-6Al-4V has good corrosion resistance, low elastic modulus (110-130 GPa) and excellent strength-plastic matching, and has been widely used in the field of medical metal materials. However, its elastic modulus is 4-20 times that of human bones, and clinical use has found that Al and V elements may cause adverse reactions such as Alzheimer's disease, nervous disorders, and osteomalacia.
Subsequently, Germany and Switzerland replaced V with Fe and Nb respectively in the 1980s, and developed the second generation of α+β medical titanium alloys represented by Ti-5Al-2.5Fe and Ti-6Al-7Nb. Ti-5Al-2. 5Fe and Ti-6Al-7Nb have similar mechanical properties and better biocompatibility to Ti-6Al-4V, but still contain potentially toxic element Al, and the elastic modulus is still much higher than that of human bone .
In order to further improve the biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility of medical titanium alloys, since the 1990s, countries around the world have successively developed the third β-type medical titanium alloys that do not contain toxic elements such as Al and V and have a lower elastic modulus. Research on titanium alloys, and developed a series of new medical titanium alloys, such as Ti-13Nb-13Zr, Ti-12Mo-6Zr-2Fe (TMZF) and Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (T-Osteum) in the United States, and Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta (T-Osteum) in Japan Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4. 6Zr ( TNTZ ) and Ti-23Nb-0. 7Ta-2Zr-1.2O ( atomic fraction / % , Gum metal) , Chinese Ti-24Nb-4Zr-7.9Sn (Ti-2448) , TLE(Ti-(3~6)Zr-(2~4)Mo-(24~27)Nb) and TLM(Ti-(1.5 ~4.5 )Zr-(0.5 ~5.5)Sn-(1 .5 ~ 4.4) Mo-(23.5 ~26.5 )Nb etc.
Most of the new generation of medical titanium alloys are Ti-Nb system, and bio-friendly elements such as Mo, Ta, Zr and Sn are added, which have a lower elastic modulus and better performance than pure titanium and medical titanium alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V. biocompatibility. Ti-Nb-based titanium alloys can obtain excellent biocompatibility, low elastic modulus, high strength, superelasticity and shape memory effect through alloy composition design and microstructure regulation, and have been widely recognized by researchers in the fields of materials and medicine. focus on.
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