Common specifications are mostly 1–10 mm (spherical or irregular particles), with purity typically ranging from ≥ 99.9% (3N) to 99.99% (4N). The main focus is on high purity and low impurities (low oxygen, low zirconium).
Core Attributes - Density: ≈13.31 g/cm³ (high density); Melting Point: 2233℃ (refractory metal); Appearance: Silver-gray metallic luster, with a dense and passivated surface (HfO₂ film); Key Characteristics: High neutron absorption cross-section (approximately 104 target en), high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low vapor pressure; Main Forms and Processing - Granules: Mostly made from fragments/milling, with a wide particle size distribution, suitable for processes with fast feeding and large contact area; Pellets: Mostly formed by pressing/casting, with uniform size (such as 3×3 mm, 2×5 mm), suitable for precise feeding scenarios such as vacuum evaporation, PVD coating; Typical Applications 1. Nuclear Industry: Reactor control rods, neutron absorbers, shielding materials, relying on high neutron absorption cross-section to regulate reaction rate; 2. Electronics/Semiconductors: Raw material for PVD coating, used to prepare high dielectric constant HfO₂ thin films for advanced chip gate dielectrics, optical and wear-resistant coatings; 3. High Temperature/Aerospace: Additives for high-temperature alloys (to enhance creep resistance and high-temperature strength of tungsten/tantalum/molybdenum alloys), rocket nozzles and other ultra-high temperature components; 4. Chemical and Metallurgical Industries: Getters (for removing oxygen/nitrogen impurities), corrosion-resistant coatings (such as hafnium carbide HfC), catalyst precursors; Packaging and Storage: Must be vacuum sealed to avoid oxidation and moisture absorption; operation is recommended to be carried out in an inert atmosphere (argon); Process Adaptability: Granules suitable for scenarios with fast feeding and large reaction area; Pellets more suitable for precise feeding such as vacuum evaporation, PVD, etc
