Thermocouple Tantalum Protection Tube

Tantalum tube manufacturing process: 

1 Open billet: Tantalum can not be processed by the ordinary method of processing general metal. Under normal circumstances, the first process is forging processing  to heat treatment, the  Both hammering and stamping are used to make flat slabs or round small and medium-sized blanks. Tantalum is different from other metals in that it cannot be thermally processed. The recrystallization temperature of tantalum exceeds 1000~C, and if heated, excessive oxidation has to occur even with the usual protective coating. What is more serious is that if tantalum is exposed to such high temperatures, not only does excessive oxidation occur to  the surface of tantalum, but oxygen can also invade between the atoms inside the substrate, making the tantalum brittle. For these reasons, tantalum is generally not thermally processed. When thermal processing is necessary, it is done with a protective covering or in an inert gas atmosphere.

2 Thermal processing: Since tantalum reacts actively with oxygen, it is necessary to avoid an atmosphere where even a little air is present, so almost all annealing is done in a high vacuum, and the furnace must be highly gas-tight. Commercially produced tantalum has a high degree of purity. The annealed grains become very large. The size of the crystalline grains is determined by the cold process, purity, temperature, and process steps. Therefore, temperature control and process control are important to determining crystallite size. Tantalum is relatively different from other metals and must be cleaned prior to heat treatment. If it is not cleaned very well, surface contamination caused by hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon will occur and become embrittlement (hardening). Because hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon in the tantalum annealing temperature range are very active intrusive elements, once contaminated by these elements, in addition to re-melting, there is no way to get rid of them.

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